some comments from pages 306 to 626 6-23-13
2014-08-29azim58 - some comments from pages 306 to 626 6-23-13
Note that most of the comments from this text is unreadable. This
occurred because I reduced the file size ("optimized the pdf" or
something) before I performed the text recognition so I'll just have to
make sure to do the text recognition first on any future documents.
Summary of comments: The biology of human longevity 306 to 626.pdf
Page:8
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: However about 15% 0 X- III ,et gene~ oS
Impnntmg; SectIon , 'd ' , extent I'n 'Idult cells Date: 2013-05-31
17:35:21
Page:9
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: As predicted by evolutionalY theory,
Virgin flics lil'c longer Ilul1 m;Ied feI1l;I!
es, e\'\.~n though egg
production was unaltered (Fowlcr and 1';lrlricige, I<)R,), Date:
2013-05-31 17:38:14
Page:12
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Resveratro a so s . ,. _ I " '11
illllllunOSlIppress:mt III trallsgrapes Oung et ai, 2005; Sincl:Jir, 200)
, :Inc 1,:->,' I" I "~TACs,
' , . .., ' . 'tiv:ttors arc IdcIICt to ,1:->, , Date: 2013-05-31 17:45:23
Page:13
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: TOE (target of r:lpal1lycin) acts as a
nutricnt sensor in mammalian Jnu yea\[
cells Date: 2013-05-31 17:47:02
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: R:lp:llllycin-tre:lteci cells :lppC:H
starved. Date: 2013-05-31 17:48:13
Page:16
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: In lll:tllllll:t!S, DH 11:tS anri-intbm-
nJatory effects, and moreover, can impair
instructive immunity and decre;tse resist- ance to infections Date:
2013-06-01 19:12:08
Page:17
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Trade-otI'i from energy allocation to
immune functions are well known in
human growth ( Date: 2013-06-01 19:13:38
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: The hive is a COllst:lnt target of
inv:lsive ('ol()lliZ:ltl()l~
b b ' I t' . b .
. . n ' n:spO/1~C
y actena ant ungl y ItS warmth and nutrients, Date: 2013-06-01 19:15:28
Page:18
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Di{ \vorlllS arc Ihin :lnd Ie.ss i'ecun
Date: 2013-06-01 19:18:35
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Age-f, the first gerontogene identified
on :1 chromosome, incre:lsed lire Sp:lll )
y :lbOllt 50%, together \\lith delayed slOWing of movements :1I1<.J
slower :ICL'L'iL-r- arion of 1l10rt:lli Date:
2013-06-01 19:19:12
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Sticky note Date: 2013-06-01 19:19:21
Gerontogene
Page:19
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Mutants in more than 50 genes are known
to mod ify C. elegans life span
(l-lekimi and Guarente, 2003; Lee et aI, 2003; Olsen et ai, 2006). Date:
2013-06-01 19:21:11
Page:20
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: longer lives CLakowski and Hekimi,
1998). Mut:tnts in more th;ln 30 dif- ferent
genes 11,1\'e Date: 2013-06-01 19:24:32
Page:24
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: :IIter keding r;lles or recundity
(\'(,'ood et ai,
2004). This effect ,,\,;\0.; (Ii),sc!'\<:·d 011 diets of live or
heat-killed b Date: 2013-06-02 10:21:25
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: 5). Nor would we
expect long-lived dwarf mice to survivc: in the w Date: 2013-06-02
10:22:40
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: aging nies develop lllyocardi;11
instability, :1 dysfunction cate Date:
2013-06-02 10:23:16
Page:26
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: 'C.Wer.IIO :I/K 01 IlT slIlurn
:lctiv;ltors (STi\ (>i Date: 2013-06-02 10:27:43
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: While p53 null nics had shorter life
SI);II1, the t:lrgcted re~llIction of p53 in
neurons increased life span by ahout 50% (l3:luer and He/tand, 200 Date:
2013-06-02 10:28:41
Page:30
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: ssentially the same set of genes induced
by infections was upregulated during
~gln~ .. . " (Landis et ai, 2004). Date: 2013-06-02 14:10:19
Page:31
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Aging ~lies show strong increases in
heat shock proteins (l-lSP), e,~.. d (li/ll'f
induction of HSP22 ancJ HSP70 mRI'M Date: 2013-06-02 14:14:16
Page:32
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: ous ini"cctions. l3rie!' l'xposure to
non-Ieth:d he:lt increases lirt.: span by up to
5 d Date: 2013-06-02 14:15:00
Page:33
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: discussion is organized by three
functions; growth :1I1c1 m Date: 2013-06-02
14:20:07
Page:38
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: rovIsional conclusion lll'IY be dl"II"I)
tll'lt el ./" . . I ,..,
.... . " " , \Val Ism IS nc:Jt H.:r ncc- essarv nor suffICient I'or
lonoevitv :IS IV'IS 'llso co lcl I I /' I n I
) b ),' • " ' " I ue ec or t Ie y insu in- signaling mutants. Date:
2013-06-02 14:22:14
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: The Ames d\\,;l!" h(:.~ :lix)ut '50%
longer than most Ian mice ;lnc/ was the first
mutation Cprop-/ i :,!,')\vn to incre3se longevity in a mammal. Date:
2013-06-03 12:39:32
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: The Ames and Snell dwarfs have low
insulin and glucose. However, other
disturbances :Ire less desirable from a human perspective:
hypothyroidism, low body temperature, and impaired
reproduction. ObeSity is prevalent with aging. Brain aging changes may
also be slowed. Tumors are decreased,
discussed helmv. Date: 2013-06-03 12:40:55
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: WiJd-caught mice are the only properly
desig- nated wild-type in aging studies
and differ remarkably from standard strains in smaller size, longer life
span, and resistance to diet restriction
( Date: 2013-06-03 12:42:08
Page:40
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: f30fh Ames ;1I1el ~,l(''' d\\':lIf'i
h:lvc very lo\\' hlood glucose, insulin, and
IGF-l. f30lh become 011<.:'."<.:' (hlliI1.~ :Igin Date: 2013-06-03
12:48:01
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Sticky note Date: 2013-06-03 12:48:39
R current
Page:56
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Because sOllle I~i/L'I C I rriers
1'<.::lch advanced ages withollt dement i:l, ar()
l~ is not considered :1 genel ic determin:lr1t, but rather :1 risk factor
!hat influences tile threshold for sli Il
mysterious ear1y processes in ncurodegcner:Hion. Date: 2013-06-08 16:45:56
Page:61
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: AJzGene datab:l Date: 2013-06-08 17:00:08
Page:62
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: direct con- trol of CHP synthesis hy
lL-o (L Date: 2013-06-08 17:05:13
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Allard et aI, 1998). The greater
vulnerability of E4 carriers to o x k b ill (!;i m
Date: 2013-06-08 17:06:46
Page:65
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: The persistence of the aroE4 allel~
111;IY he clue to h;lbnc ing selection for
pathogen resisl;Ince, as shown for herati- tis virus C ;Ind possihly
other infections Date: 2013-06-10 07:49:44
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: lut:lnts causing decreased inslIlin-
IGF-I signaling in the worm, fly. :1I1e1
IIHllI.o.;C' ;He long-lived and often aCClIl1lll\;tte f Date: 2013-06-10
07:51:07
Page:79
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: kletaikd sUll1mary of Ihe sCllIere:d
d:\[;1 in (Finch :lOd Stanford, 2004),
Table 6.3 Date: 2013-06-14 21:09:41
Page:80
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Unlike humans, the great apes are
primarily her- blv,ores Date: 2013-06-14 21:
42:31
Page:87
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: fire is inlllllll11:llmy, no pUll
11lC:IIH. F<lch of these exposures may have
selected for new gem' \,:lIi:llll~ n, II !1l T ( !,_.c! ill I he
herhivorous apes Date: 2013-06-15 14:36:54
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: The I11:lin hUI11:ln vari:lnIS. :lpoE3
;\1( apoE4, differ in one amino acid (In
12C) lhat :tIters lipid I)inding :lffinity :lnd su~:
II I 6 '1'1 'Ipol:~ ce u ar processing Oi et :11, 200(i; Mallley ,mel
nail, 2000) (Table 6.) lC ',~ 'l
isoform was first identified in association with elevatecl cholesterol
(Section ).~.~) Date: 2013-06-15 14:38:15
Page:92
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Lactose to.lcrance, however, has arisen
through :It least four Illutations in
lactase gene P1omoter that arose independently in ~Issociatjon \vith
pastor:llism during the past 9000 y Date:
2013-06-15 16:03:27
Page:93
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Genes tll:lI iJlLTc:lse rcsist:lnce to
smoke inhalation could include cHaiase,
SOD, ;tnd other :lllti-oxid:1l11 gcnL'.~, ",ilh increased expression
Date: 2013-06-15 16:06:02
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: micioriases ('AGE-breakers') Date:
2013-06-15 16:07:26
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Most :Igrce that early an:lt~/l1iC<lllY.
JJlod~r;l/rl;YrOrll~
\\Cle :-thollt 1)% brger than current glob:1I averages Date: 2013-06-15
16:10:27
Page:96
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: FOXP2 IS a~{)thel )I.lln, ev, , lues
DAF-16, is expressed 111 nel~,:ons 0 )~.,~~
FOXO aene family, whKh Inell ,I 'onu in hirds (ScharH and Ifaesltl,
b ' , ' ()' in hUIl1:II)S anl S •." , ' " , ' 0 f' reaions that medIate
1,1IlgLl,IMe , ItO? MYA (Enard, 2002), d,velgJI1",
IOIll b , ns a )OU ,- , , 'I
2005 Date: 2013-06-16 11:38:33
Page:98
Author: Kurt Whittemore Subject: Idult health, wou ld tavoI III I '
I " c '1ter dlll:Ilion 0 to greater :Iges, throug 1 Date: 2013-06-16
14:28:00