How to distinguish immune cells

2015-01-13

azim58 - How to distinguish immune cells

Wikipedia quote

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Under the microscope, lymphocytes can be divided into large lymphocytes
and small lymphocytes. Large granular lymphocytes include natural killer
cells (NK cells). Small lymphocytes consist of T cells and B cells.

Microscopically, in a Wright's stained peripheral blood smear, a normal
lymphocyte has a large, dark-staining nucleus with little to no
eosinophilic cytoplasm. In normal situations, the coarse, dense nucleus
of a lymphocyte is approximately the size of a red blood cell (about 7
micrometres in diameter).

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Lymphocytes themselves are about 7-8 um in diameter whereas neutrophills
are larger (10-12 um). The wikipedia article on white blood cells has a
nice table of the characteristics of different immune cells.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell

Quote: "white blood cells are often characterized as granulocytes or
agranulocytes"

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Granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes): leukocytes characterised

by the presence of differently staining granules in their cytoplasm
when viewed under light microscopy. These granules are membrane-bound
enzymes that act primarily in the digestion of endocytosed particles.
There are three types of granulocytes: neutrophils, basophils, and
eosinophils, which are named according to their staining properties.

Agranulocytes (mononuclear leukocytes): leukocytes characterized by

the apparent absence of granules in their cytoplasm. Although the name
implies a lack of granules these cells do contain non-specific
azurophilic granules, which are
lysosomes.4[[{20cdacc7968e07ce0b80a70f49865234}|
]] The cells include lymphocytes, monocytes, and
macrophages.5[[{dafc521b7a816165710f324d774cdae3}
isc-online.com-4|]]

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Type
Microscopic Appearance
Diagram
Approx. %
in
adults6[[{90d196dfb57fc7dbff5c827b93efc7cf}
-01657-7-5|]]
See also:
Blood values
Diameter
(μm)6[[{8049cd679a67fd69d83182fca5b8e0b2}
01657-7-5|]]
Main
targets3[[{4aa743fceed1f494073374e05300d236}
table-2|]]
Nucleus3[[{755231b25ef5dfff7c02a38c074259d7}
_table-2|]]
Granules3[[{8cdc0bb7be1b5f2725c8eea2a9013f61}
s_table-2|]]
Lifetime6[[{2fff15d2cc1986d1b5d1f5e96d6b84c8}
443-01657-7-5|]]

Neutrophil

PBNeutrophil.jpg

Neutrophil.png

54–62%5[[{ed64c9519716c9352471d20356aeb121}
nline.com-4|]]
10–12

bacteria
fungi

multilobed
fine, faintly pink (H&E Stain)
6 hours–few days
(days in spleen and other tissue)

Eosinophil

PBEosinophil.jpg

Eosinophil 1.png

1–6%
10–12

larger parasites
modulate allergic inflammatory responses

bi-lobed
full of pink-orange (H&E Stain)
8–12 days (circulate for 4–5 hours)

Basophil

PBBasophil.jpg

Basophil.png

<1%
12–15

release histamine for inflammatory responses

bi-lobed or tri-lobed
large blue
a few hours to a few days

Lymphocyte

Lymphocyte2.jpg

Lymphocyte.png

28–33%
7–8

B cells: releases antibodies and assists activation of T cells
T cells:

o CD4+ Th (T helper) cells: activate and regulate T and B cells
o CD8+ cytotoxic T cells: virus-infected and tumor cells.
o γδ T cells:
o Regulatory (suppressor) T cells: Returns the functioning of the
immune system to normal operation after infection; prevents
autoimmunity

Natural killer cells: virus-infected and tumor cells.

deeply staining, eccentric
NK-cells and Cytotoxic (CD8+) T-cells
years for memory cells, weeks for all else.

Monocyte

Monocyte.jpg

Monocyte.png

2–10%
7.72–9.997[[{22bf428412b5f55098ae271d95a7bbd3}|
]]
Monocytes migrate from the bloodstream to other tissues and
differentiate into tissue resident macrophages, Kupffer cells in the
liver.
kidney shaped
none
hours to days

Macrophage

Macrophage.jpg

Macrophage.png

21
(human)8[[{7f79934ec4d286f5492f8d6bcce69a34}
97-7|]]
Is a monocyte derivative. Phagocytosis (engulfment and digestion) of
cellular debris and pathogens, and stimulation of lymphocytes and other
immune cells that respond to the pathogen.

activated: days
immature: months to years

Dendritic cells

Dendritic cell.JPG

Dendritic Cell ZP.svg

Is a monocyte derivative. Main function is as an antigen-presenting cell
(APC) that activates T lymphocytes.

similar to macrophages

I have made scalebars that we can use for the images from the CKX41
microscope in our tissue culture room.

Scalebars for CKX41 microscope