How to distinguish immune cells

2015-01-13

azim58 - How to distinguish immune cells

Wikipedia quote

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Under the microscope, lymphocytes can be divided into large lymphocytes
and small lymphocytes. Large granular lymphocytes include natural killer
cells (NK cells). Small lymphocytes consist of T cells and B cells.

Microscopically, in a Wright's stained peripheral blood smear, a normal
lymphocyte has a large, dark-staining nucleus with little to no
eosinophilic cytoplasm. In normal situations, the coarse, dense nucleus
of a lymphocyte is approximately the size of a red blood cell (about 7
micrometres in diameter).

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Lymphocytes themselves are about 7-8 um in diameter whereas neutrophills
are larger (10-12 um). The wikipedia article on white blood cells has a
nice table of the characteristics of different immune cells.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell

Quote: "white blood cells are often characterized as granulocytes or
agranulocytes"

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* Granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes): leukocytes characterised
  by the presence of differently staining granules in their cytoplasm
  when viewed under light microscopy. These granules are membrane-bound
  enzymes that act primarily in the digestion of endocytosed particles.
  There are three types of granulocytes: neutrophils, basophils, and
  eosinophils, which are named according to their staining properties.
* Agranulocytes (mononuclear leukocytes): leukocytes characterized by
  the apparent absence of granules in their cytoplasm. Although the name
  implies a lack of granules these cells do contain non-specific
  azurophilic granules, which are
  lysosomes.[4[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-3|]
  ]] The cells include lymphocytes, monocytes, and
  macrophages.[5[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-w
  isc-online.com-4|]]]

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Type
 Microscopic Appearance
 Diagram
 Approx. %
in
adults[6[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-isbn0-443
-01657-7-5|]]]
See also:
Blood values
 Diameter
(μm)[6[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-isbn0-443-
01657-7-5|]]]
 Main
targets[3[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-alberts_
table-2|]]]
 Nucleus[3[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-alberts
_table-2|]]]
 Granules[3[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-albert
s_table-2|]]]
 Lifetime[6[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-isbn0-
443-01657-7-5|]]]

Neutrophil

PBNeutrophil.jpg

Neutrophil.png

54–62%[5[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-wisc-o
nline.com-4|]]]
 10–12
 
* bacteria
* fungi
 multilobed
 fine, faintly pink (H&E Stain)
 6 hours–few days
(days in spleen and other tissue)

Eosinophil

PBEosinophil.jpg

Eosinophil 1.png

1–6%
 10–12
 
* larger parasites
* modulate allergic inflammatory responses
 bi-lobed
 full of pink-orange (H&E Stain)
 8–12 days (circulate for 4–5 hours)

Basophil

PBBasophil.jpg

Basophil.png

<1%
 12–15
 
* release histamine for inflammatory responses
 bi-lobed or tri-lobed
 large blue
 a few hours to a few days

Lymphocyte

Lymphocyte2.jpg

Lymphocyte.png

28–33%
 7–8
 
* B cells: releases antibodies and assists activation of T cells
* T cells:
  o CD4+ Th (T helper) cells: activate and regulate T and B cells
  o CD8+ cytotoxic T cells: virus-infected and tumor cells.
  o γδ T cells:
  o Regulatory (suppressor) T cells: Returns the functioning of the
    immune system to normal operation after infection; prevents
    autoimmunity

* Natural killer cells: virus-infected and tumor cells.
 deeply staining, eccentric
 NK-cells and Cytotoxic (CD8+) T-cells
 years for memory cells, weeks for all else.

Monocyte

Monocyte.jpg

Monocyte.png

2–10%
 7.72–9.99[7[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-6|]
]]
 Monocytes migrate from the bloodstream to other tissues and
differentiate into tissue resident macrophages, Kupffer cells in the
liver.
 kidney shaped
 none
 hours to days

Macrophage

Macrophage.jpg

Macrophage.png

21
(human)[8[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-Krombach
97-7|]]]
 Is a monocyte derivative. Phagocytosis (engulfment and digestion) of
cellular debris and pathogens, and stimulation of lymphocytes and other
immune cells that respond to the pathogen.
 
 activated: days
immature: months to years

Dendritic cells

Dendritic cell.JPG

Dendritic Cell ZP.svg

Is a monocyte derivative. Main function is as an antigen-presenting cell
(APC) that activates T lymphocytes.
 
 similar to macrophages

I have made scalebars that we can use for the images from the CKX41
microscope in our tissue culture room.

Scalebars for CKX41 microscope

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