Temporal response of the human virome to immunosuppression and antiviral therapy


"C:\Users\kurtw_000\Box Sync\DocDR\2014\01-27-2014d0908\Temporal response of the human virome to immunosuppression and antiviral therapy.pdf"


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?nd
that antivirals and immunosuppressants strongly
affect the structure of the virome in plasma

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total viral
load increases with immunosuppression,

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 within-subject diversity was
lower than the between-subject diversity, both for bacteria and
viruses

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 Figure 3D shows the
within-sample alpha diversity for the bacterial and viral genera
as function of time (Shannon entropy, one month time periods,
590 bacterial genera, 168 viral genera examined). The diversity
of observed viral genera decreases at the onset of the therapy
(1.05 ± 0.5 in month 1 to 0.31 ± 0.33 in months 4–5, p < <
10

 6
, Mann-Whitney U test), whereas the alpha diversity of
bacteria remains relatively unchanged during the course of the
posttransplant therapy (2.2 ± 1.14 in month 1 to 2.6 ± 0.85 in
months 4–5, p = 0.1, Mann-Whitney U test).

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These observations are in line with a view that the risk of rejec-
tion and the incidence of infection have an opposite association
with the patients’ immunocompetence


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This approach may be of particular relevance in the context of
transplantation given the fact that infections occur frequently in
transplantation and are dif?cult to diagnose in immunocom-
promised individuals, and given that sequence analysis can
additionally provide information on the graft health through the
quanti?cation of donor-derived human DNA circulating in
plasma 


-immunosuppression like TAC used
-656 plasma samples
-GRAMMy software (BLAST to perform a maximum likelihood estimation of the
relative abundance of species)
-Bray-Curtis beta diversity for all samples,

Hi Dr. Johnston,

I looked through the article "Temporal Response of the Human Virome to Immunosuppression" that you had Tiger recommend to me.  I saw that they found that the diversity of the types of viruses in the blood after immunosuppresion decreased as measured by Shannon Entropy.  Interesting.  Thanks!  I just put the Cell journal in the open area by Pattie's office.

Best,
Kurt